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4.
(
#
$!
, 1788), “to put to shame,” in the passive voice, to be ashamed,
lit. means “to turn in” ( , “in,”
, “to turn”), that is, to turn one upon himself and so
produce a feeling of “shame,” a wholesome “shame” which involves a change of
conduct, 1 Cor. 4:14; 2 Thess. 3:14; Titus 2:8, the only places where it has this meaning.
See also
REGARD
,
REVERENCE
.
B. Nouns.
1.
$
(
* "
, 152), “shame,” akin to A, No. 1, signifies (a) subjectively, the
confusion of one who is “ashamed” of anything, a sense of “shame,” Luke 14:9; those
things which “shame” conceals, 2 Cor. 4:2; (b) objectively, ignominy, that which is
visited on a person by the wicked, Heb. 12:2; that which should arise from guilt, Phil.
3:19; (c) concretely, a thing to be “ashamed” of, Rev. 3:18; Jude 13, where the word is in
the plural, lit., “basenesses,” “disgraces.” See
DISHONESTY
.¶
2.
(
#
$ )
, 1791), akin to A, No. 4, lit., “a turning in upon oneself,”
producing a recoil from what is unseemly or vile, is used in 1 Cor. 6:5; 15:34. It is
associated with
$
in the Psalms, in the Sept., e.g., 35:26, where it follows
$
, “let them be clothed with shame (
$
) and confusion (
)”; 44:15,
“all the day my shame is before me and the confusion of my face has covered me”; 69:19,
“Thou knowest my reproach and my shame and my confusion”; so in 71:13. In 109:29
the words are in the opposite order.¶
: & *
, used in 1 Tim. 2:9, denotes “modesty, shamefastness” (the right spelling
for the
KJV
, “shamefacedness”). In comparison with
$
is “the nobler word,
and implies the nobler motive: in it is involved an innate moral repugnance to the doing
of the dishonorable act, which moral repugnance scarcely or not at all exists in
$
”
(Trench,
- !
Sec.xix). See
SHAMEFASTNESS
.¶
C. Adjectives.
1.
(
* $
, 150), “base” (akin to No. 1), is used in 1 Cor. 11:6-14:35; Eph.
5:12. See
FILTHY
B, No. 1.¶ Cf.
, “filthiness,” Eph. 5:4.¶
2.
$
(
&
, 422), an intensive adjective ( , negative,
euphonic, , “upon,” intensive,
$
, “shame”), “not ashamed, having no cause for
shame,” is used in 2 Tim. 2:15.¶
ASHES
A. Noun.
(
, 4700), “ashes”, is found three times, twice in association with
sackcloth, Matt. 11:21 and Luke 10:13, as tokens of grief (cf. Esth. 4:1, 3; Isa. 58:5; 61:3;
Jer. 6:26; Jonah 3:6); of the ashes resulting from animal sacrifices, Heb. 9:13; in the OT,
metaphorically, of one who describes himself as dust and “ashes,” Gen. 18:27, etc.¶
B. Verb.
(
$
, 5077), “to turn to ashes,” is found in 2 Pet. 2:6, with reference to
the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah.¶