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7:19, 21; 13:4; 14:20; 16:19; 1 Cor. 13:5; 2 Cor. 13:7; 1 Thess. 5:15; 1 Tim. 6:10; 2 Tim.
4:14; 1 Pet. 3:9, 12; (b) of what is injurious, destructive, baneful, pernicious, e.g., Luke
16:25; Acts 16:28; 28:5; Titus 1:12; Jas. 3:8; Rev. 16:2, where
and
come
in that order, “noisome and grievous.” See B, No. 3. For compounds of
, see below.
2.
(
$
, 4190), akin to
, “labor, toil,” denotes “evil that causes
labor, pain, sorrow, malignant evil” (see No. 1); it is used (a) with the meaning bad,
worthless, in the physical sense, Matt. 7:17-18; in the moral or ethical sense, “evil,”
wicked; of persons, e.g., Matt. 7:11; Luke 6:45; Acts 17:5; 2 Thess. 3:2; 2 Tim. 3:13; of
“evil” spirits, e.g., Matt. 12:45; Luke 7:21; Acts 19:12-13, 15-16; of a generation, Matt.
12:39, 45; 16:4; Luke 11:29; of things, e.g., Matt. 5:11; 6:23; 20:15; Mark 7:22; Luke
11:34; John 3:19; 7:7; Acts 18:14; Gal. 1:4; Col. 1:21; 1 Tim. 6:4; 2 Tim. 4:18; Heb.
3:12; 10:22; Jas. 2:4; 4:16; 1 John 3:12; 2 John 11; 3 John 10; (b) with the meaning
toilsome, painful, Eph. 5:16; 6:13; Rev. 16:2. Cf.
, “iniquity, wickedness.” For its
use as a noun see B, No. 2.
3.
$
(
, 5337) primarily denotes “slight, trivial, blown about by every
wind”; then, “mean, common, bad,” in the sense of being worthless, paltry or
contemptible, belonging to a low order of things; in John 5:29, those who have practiced
“evil” things,
RV
, “ill” (
$
), are set in contrast to those who have done good things
(
); the same contrast is presented in Rom. 9:11 and 2 Cor. 5:10, in each of which
the most authentic mss. have
$
for
; he who practices “evil” things (
RV
, “ill”)
hates the light, John 3:20; jealousy and strife are accompanied by “every vile deed,” Jas.
3:16. It is used as a noun in Titus 2:8 (see B, No. 4). See
BAD
,
ILL
,
VILE
.¶
B. Nouns.
1.
(
&
, 2549), primarily, “badness” in quality (akin to A, No. 1), denotes (a)
“wickedness, depravity, malignity,” e.g., Acts 8:22, “wickedness”; Rom. 1:29,
“maliciousness”; in Jas. 1:21,
KJV
, “naughtiness”; (b) “the evil of trouble, affliction,”
Matt. 6:34, only, and here alone translated “evil.” See
MALICE
,
MALICIOUSNESS
,
NAUGHTINESS
,
WICKEDNESS
.
2.
(
$
, 4190), the adjective (A, No. 2), is used as a noun, (a) of Satan
as the “evil” one, Matt. 5:37; 6:13; 13:19, 38; Luke 11:4 (in some texts); John 17:15;
Eph. 6:16; 2 Thess. 3:3; 1 John 2:13-14; 3:12; 5:18-19; (b) of human beings, Matt. 5:45;
(probably v. 39); 13:49; 22:10; Luke 6:35; 1 Cor. 5:13; (c) neuter, “evil (things),” Matt.
9:4; 12:35; Mark 7:23; Luke 3:19; “that which is evil,” Luke 6:45; Rom. 12:9; Acts
28:21, “harm.”
3.
(
, 2556), the neuter of A, No. 1, is used with the article, as a noun,
e.g., Acts 23:9; Rom. 7:21; Heb. 5:14; in the plural, “evil things,” e.g., 1 Cor. 10:6; 1
Tim. 6:10, “all kinds of evil,”
RV
.
4.
$
(
, 5337), the neuter of A, No. 3, is used as a noun in Titus 2:8.
5.
(
, 2555), properly the masculine gender of the adjective,
denotes an “evil-doer” (
, “evil,”
, “to do”), 1 Pet. 2:12, 14; 4:15; in some mss.