Basic HTML Version
$
&
See
†
, page 1. It is wrongly spelled “ought” in the
KJV
in some places, e.g., in
John 4:33, “ought to eat” (there is no word in the original there for “ought”).
AUSTERE
$
(
' $
, 840), akin to
$
, “to dry up” (Eng., “austere”), primarily
denotes “stringent to the taste,” like new wine not matured by age, unripe fruit, etc.,
hence, “harsh, severe,” Luke 19:21-22.¶
Note:
Synonymous with
$
, but to be distinguished from it, is
(from
, “to be dry”). It was applied to that which lacks moisture, and so is rough and
disageeable to the touch, and hence came to denote “harsh, stern, hard.” It is used by
Matthew to describe the unprofitable servant’s remark concerning his master, in the
parable corresponding to that in Luke 19 (see
$
, above).
*$
is derived from
a word having to do with the taste,
, “with the touch.”
*$
is not necessarily a
term of reproach, whereas
is always so, and indicates a harsh, even inhuman
character.
*$
is “rather the exaggeration of a virtue pushed too far, than an absolute
vice” (Trench,
- !
Sec. xiv).
-
is used of the character of a man, Matt. 25:24; of a
saying, John 6:60; of the difficulty and pain of kicking against the ox-goads, Acts 9:5;
26:14; of rough winds, Jas. 3:4 and of harsh speeches, Jude 15. See
FIERCE
,
HARD
.¶ Cf.
“hardness,”
$
, “to harden,”
, “hardness of heart,” and
, “stiff-necked.”
AUTHOR
1.
(
5
, 159), an adjective (cf.
, a cause), denotes “that which causes
something.” This and No. 2 are both translated “author” in Hebrews.
*
, in Heb. 5:9,
describes Christ as the “Author of eternal salvation unto all them that obey Him,”
signifying that Christ, exalted and glorified as our High Priest, on the ground of His
finished work on earth, has become the personal mediating cause (
RV
, margin) of eternal
salvation. It is difficult to find an adequate English equivalent to express the meaning
here. Christ is not the merely formal cause of our salvation. He is the concrete and active
cause of it. He has not merely caused or effected it, He is, as His name, “Jesus,” implies,
our salvation itself, Luke 2:30; 3:6.
2.
(
$
, 747), translated “Prince” in Acts 3:15 (marg., “Author”) and
5:31, but “Author” in Heb. 2:10,
RV
, “Captain,”
RV
marg., and
KJV
, and “Author” in 12:2,
primarily signifies “one who takes a lead in, or provides the first occasion of, anything.”
In the Sept. it is used of the chief of a tribe or family, Num. 13:2 (
RV
, prince); of the
“heads” of the children of Israel, v. 3; a captain of the whole people, 14:4; in Micah 1:13,
of Lachish as the leader of the sin of the daughter of Sion: there, as in Heb. 2:10, the
word suggests a combination of the meaning of leader with that of the source from
whence a thing proceeds. That Christ is the Prince of life signifies, as Chrysostom says,
that “the life He had was not from another; the Prince or Author of life must be He who
has life from Himself.” But the word does not necessarily combine the idea of the source
or originating cause with that of leader. In Heb. 12:2 where Christ is called the “Author