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19:14
is used of the “shoots” or limbs of a vine; “And fire is gone out of a rod of her
branches …” (cf. Ezek. 17:6). The gates of a city are
(Job 17:16).
Fourth, in most of its
(
1
$
, 152), times) this word is preceded by
the preposition
!
This use means
3
(
1
$
, 89), times): “And the Lord God
said, It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him a help meet for him”
(Gen. 2:18—first occurrence of the word). In a second nuance the phrase identifies a unit
by itself, a single unit: “And thou shalt couple five curtains by themselves, and six
curtains by themselves …” (Exod. 26:9). Twice the word is used as an adverb of
limitation meaning “only”: “Lo, this only have I found, that God hath made man upright;
but they have sought out many inventions” (Eccl. 7:29). When followed by the
preposition
(or ) the word functions as an adverb meaning “apart from” or
“besides”: “And the children of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about six
hundred thousand on foot that were men, beside children” (Exod. 12:37). In Num. 29:39
the translation “besides” is appropriate: “These things ye shall do unto the Lord in your
set feasts, beside your vows, and your freewill offerings.…” In 33 passages the word is
preceded by the preposition min but still means “besides.”
B. Verb.
(
$$
, 909), “to be isolated, be alone.” This verb has an Arabic cognate. One
of its 3 appearances is in Ps. 102:7: “I watch, and am as a sparrow alone upon the
housetop.”
TO PASS ON, PASS AWAY
(
, 2498), “to pass on, pass away, change, overstep, transgress.” Common
to both biblical and modern Hebrew, this term appears approximately 30 times in the
Hebrew Old Testament. When used in the simple active form,
occurs only in
poetry (except for 1 Sam. 10:3), and it has the meaning of “to pass on, through.” The
word is typically used in narrative or prose with the meaning of “to change.” With this
meaning
first occurs in the Old Testament in Gen. 31:7: “… Your father hath
deceived me, and changed my wages ten times …” (cf. Gen. 31:41).
)
expresses
the “sweeping on” of a flood (Isa. 8:8), of a whirlwind (Isa. 21:1), and of God Himself
(Job 9:11). The word has the meaning of “to pass away or to vanish,” with reference to
days (Job 9:26), the rain (Song of Sol. 2:11), and idols (Isa. 2:18). Not only wages, but
garments are “changed” (Gen. 35:2; Ps. 102:26). “To change” is “to renew” strength (Isa.
40:31; 41:1); a tree appears “to be renewed” when it sprouts again (Job 14:7).
TO PASS OVER
A. Verb.
(
, 5674), “to pass away, pass over.” This verb occurs in all Semitic
languages and at all periods of those languages, including biblical Hebrew and Aramaic.
The Bible attests about 550 uses of this verb in Hebrew.
The verb refers primarily to spatial movement, to “moving over, through, or away
from.” This basic meaning can be used of “going over or through” a particular location to
get to the other side, as when Jacob “crossed over” the Euphrates to escape Laban (Gen.