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(
, 3254), “to add, continue, do again, increase, surpass.” This verb occurs
in the northwest Semitic dialects and Aramaic. It occurs in biblical Hebrew (around 210
times), post-biblical Hebrew, and in biblical Aramaic (once).
Basically,
signifies increasing the number of something. It may also be used to
indicate adding one thing to another, e.g., “And if a man eat of the holy thing unwittingly,
then he shall put the fifth part thereof unto it, and shall give it unto the priest …” (Lev.
22:14).
This verb may be used to signify the repetition of an act stipulated by another verb.
For example, the dove that Noah sent out “returned not again” (Gen. 8:12). Usually the
repeated action is indicated by an infinitive absolute, preceded by the preposition —
“And he did not have relations with her again.” Literally, this reads “And he did not add
again [ ] to knowing her [intimately]” (Gen. 38:26).
In some contexts
means “to heighten,” but with no suggestion of numerical
increase. God says, “The meek also shall increase [
] their joy in the Lord …” (Isa.
29:19). This same emphasis appears in Ps. 71:14: “… and will yet praise thee more and
more [
]’ or literally, “And I will add to all Thy praises.” In such cases, more than
an additional quantity of joy or praise is meant. The author is referring to a new quality of
joy or praise—i.e., a heightening of them.
Another meaning of
is “to surpass.” The Queen of Sheba told Solomon, “Thy
wisdom and prosperity exceedeth the fame which I heard,” or literally, “You add [with
respect to] wisdom and prosperity to the report which I heard” (1 Kings 10:7).
This verb may also be used in covenantal formulas, e.g., Ruth summoned God’s curse
upon herself by saying, “The Lord do so to me, and more also [
], if ought but death
part thee and me,” or literally, “Thus may the Lord do to me, and thus may he add, if …”
(Ruth 1:17; cf. Lev. 26; Deut. 27-28).
ALL
A. Nouns.
( , 3605), “all; the whole.” The noun
, derived from
has cognates in
Ugaritic, Akkadian, Phoenician, and Moabite.
appears in biblical Hebrew about
5,404 times and in all periods. Biblical Aramaic attests it about 82 times.
The word can be used alone, meaning “the entirety,” “whole,” or “all,” as in: “And
thou shalt put all [ ] in the hands of Aaron, and in the hands of his sons …” (Exod.
29:24).
can signify everything in a given unit whose members have been selected from
others of their kind: “That the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair;
and they took them wives of all which they chose” (Gen. 6:2).
(
, 3632), “whole offering.” This word represents the “whole offering” from
which the worshiper does not partake: “It is a statute for ever unto the Lord; it shall be
wholly burnt” (Lev. 6:22).
B. Adjectives.