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John), in view of the rising of the Beast out of the sea (emblematic of the restless
condition of nations; see
SEA
).¶
SANDAL
(
1
, 4547), a diminutive of
, probably a Persian word,
Mark 6:9; Acts 12:8. The “sandal” usually had a wooden sole bound on by straps round
the instep and ankle.
SAPPHIRE
(
1 $
, 4552) is mentioned in Rev. 21:19 (
RV
, marg., “
$
”)
as the second of the foundations of the wall of the heavenly Jerusalem (cf. Isa. 54:11).¶ It
was one of the stones in the high priest’s breastplate, Exod. 28:18; 39:11; as an intimation
of its value see Job 28:16; Ezek. 28:13. See also Exod. 24:10; Ezek. 1:26; 10:1. The
“sapphire” has various shades of blue and ranks next in hardness to the diamond.
SARDIUS, SARDINE (
KJV
)
or
(
1$
, 4555) denotes “the sardian stone.”
- $
is the word
in the best texts in Rev. 4:3 (
RV
, “a sardius”), where it formed part of the symbolic
appearance of the Lord on His throne, setting forth His glory and majesty in view of the
judgment to follow. There are two special varieties, one a yellowish brown, the other a
transparent red (like a cornelian). The beauty of the stone, its transparent brilliance, the
high polish of which it is susceptible, made it a favorite among the ancients. It forms the
sixth foundation of the wall of the heavenly Jerusalem, Rev. 21:20.¶
SARDONYX
$@
(
$
, 4557), a name which indicates the formation of the gem, a layer
of sard, and a layer of onyx, marked by the red of the sard and the white of the onyx. It
was used among the Romans both for cameos and for signets. It forms the fifth
foundation of the wall of the heavenly Jerusalem, Rev. 21:20.¶
SATAN
(
\
, 4567), a Greek form derived from the Aramaic (Heb.,
-
), “an
adversary,” is used (a) of an angel of Jehovah in Num. 22:22 (the first occurrence of the
Word in the OT); (b) of men, e.g., 1 Sam. 29:4; Ps. 38:20; 71:13; four in Ps. 109; (c) of
“Satan,” the Devil, some seventeen or eighteen times in the OT; in Zech. 3:1, where the
name receives its interpretation, “to be (his) adversary,”
RV
(see marg.;
KJV
, “to resist
him”).
In the NT the word is always used of “Satan,” the adversary (a) of God and Christ,
e.g., Matt. 4:10; 12:26; Mark 1:13; 3:23, 26; 4:15; Luke 4:8 (in some mss.); 11:18; 22:3;
John 13:27; (b) of His people, e.g., Luke 22:31; Acts 5:3; Rom. 16:20; 1 Cor. 5:5; 7:5; 2
Cor. 2:11; 11:14; 12:7; 1 Thess. 2:18; 1 Tim. 1:20; 5:15; Rev. 2:9, 13 (twice), 24; 3:9; (c)
of mankind, Luke 13:16; Acts 26:18; 2 Thess. 2:9; Rev. 12:9; 20:7.
His doom, sealed at the Cross, is foretold in its stages in Luke 10:18; Rev. 20:2, 10.
Believers are assured of victory over him, Rom. 16:20.
The appellation was given by the Lord to Peter, as a “Satan-like” man, on the
occasion when he endeavored to dissuade Him from death, Matt. 16:23; Mark 8:33.¶
“Satan” is not simply the personification of evil influences in the heart, for he
tempted Christ, in whose heart no evil thought could ever have arisen (John 14:30; 2 Cor.
5:21; Heb. 4:15); moreover his personality is asserted in both the OT and the NT, and