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The Septuagint translations are:
(“truthfulness; dependability; uprightness;
truth; reality”) and
(“trustworthy; faithfulnessreliability; rest; confidence; faith”).
The
KJV
gives these translations: “faithfulness; truth; set office; faithfully; faithful. "
B. Verb.
(
, 539), “to be certain, enduring; to trust, believe.” This root is found in
Akkadian, Ugaritic, and Phoenician. In the Old Testament, the word occurs fewer than
100 times. Three words are derived from this verb:
(“amen”—30 times; e.g., Ps.
106:48)
(“true”—127 times; e.g., Isa. 38:18), and
$
(“faithfulness”).
FALSEHOOD
%
(
, 8267), “falsehood; lie.” The presence of this root is limited to Hebrew
and Old Aramaic. The word
%
occurs 113 times in the Old Testament. It is rare in all
but the poetic and prophetic books, and even in these books its usage is concentrated in
Psalms (24 times) Proverbs (20 times), and Jeremiah (37 times). The first occurrence is in
Exod. 5:9: “Let there more work be laid upon the men, that they may labor therein: and
let them not regard vain words [lies].”
In about thirty-five passages,
%
describes the nature of “deceptive speech”: “to
speak” (Isa. 59:3), “to teach” (Isa. 9:15), “to prophesy” (Jer. 14:14), and “to lie” (Mic.
2:11). It may also indicate a “deceptive character,” as expressed in one’s acts: “to deal
treacherously” (2 Sam. 18:13) and “to deal falsely” (Hos. 7:1).
Thus
%
defines a way of life that goes contrary to the law of God. The psalmist,
desirous of following God, prayed: “Remove from me the way of lying: and grant me thy
law graciously. I have chosen the way of truth: thy judgments have I laid before me” (Ps.
119:29- 30; cf. vv. 104, 118, 128). Here we see the opposites: “falsehood” and
“faithfulness.” As “faithfulness” is a relational term, “falsehood” denotes “one’s inability
to keep faith” with what one has said or to respond positively to the faithfulness of
another being.
The Old Testament saint was instructed to avoid “deception” and the liar: “Keep thee
far from a false matter; and the innocent and righteous slay thou not: for I will not justify
the wicked” (Exod. 23:7; cf. Prov. 13:5).
The Septuagint has these translations:
?
(“unjust; unrighteous;
wrongdoing; wickedness”) and
$
(“falsehood; lie”). The
KJV
gives these meanings:
“lie; falsehood; false; falsely.”
FAMILY
(
#
, 4940), “family; clan.” A form of this Hebrew word occurs in
Ugaritic and Punic, also with the meaning of “family” or “clan.” The word is found in the
Dead Sea Scrolls, as well as in Mishnaic and modern Hebrew.
"
occurs 300
times in the Hebrew Old Testament. The word is first used in Gen. 8:19: “Every beast,
every creeping thing, and every fowl, and whatsoever creepeth upon the earth, after their
, went forth out of the ark.”